“Hoy en día la mayoría de la población puede producir energía en sus casas, en sus empresas, en sus oficinas, a un costo menor de lo que nos cuesta a todos la energía eléctrica con hidrocarburos. Estamos rompiendo un paradigma y acercándonos a lo que puede ser una verdadera democratización de la energía a partir de fuentes renovables”.
Esto lo señaló el doctor Antonio del Río Portilla, responsable del Centro Mexicano de Innovación en Energía Solar (CeMIE-Sol), quien además informó que México tiene el record de energía eléctrica más barata producida con renovables, “y ese costo es tres veces menor que con gas natural, que es la energía que se dice limpia”.
Esto ocurrió hoy en la apertura de un evento doble celebrado en el CICESE, el V Foro y el Primer Simposio de Energías Renovables, que se organizan con el objetivo de fomentar y fortalecer las relaciones académicas multidisciplinarias entre instituciones, el sector industrial y hacia el interior del mismo centro.
A lo largo de estos cinco años estos foros han servido como una plataforma para subrayar la urgente necesidad que se tiene a nivel mundial para explorar y explotar adecuadamente las opciones que tenemos en energías renovables, con el objeto de substituir las fuentes de energía convencionales y para mitigar los efectos del calentamiento global y el cambio climático.
El doctor Arturo Sánchez Carmona, responsable técnico del Centro Mexicano de Innovación en Bioenergía (CeMIE-Bio) explicó que si México utilizara bioetanol en lugar de gasolina, reduciría a la mitad lo que invirtió en 2016 para producir electricidad.
Esto significa que México requiere 3 mil millones de litros de bioetanol por año -3 mil millones de dólares-, una cifra que todavía no se produce aquí. “La capacidad instalada para producir bioetanol es alrededor de 80 a 100 millones de litros por año. Esto quiere decir que para llegar a producir esos 3 mil millones de litros hay una gran oportunidad no solamente desde el punto de vista industrial en el corto plazo, sino también desde el punto de vista de desarrollo tecnológico y científico”.
Además, “desde el punto de vista ambiental el rol de las energías renovables es muy importante. Los automóviles producen entre 20 y 25% de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero en México. Y los autos se mueven con gasolina. Utilizar biocombustibles ayudaría a bajar esa tasa de producción”.
Fernando Torres Calva, de la Secretaría de Energía, aseguró que México ocupó el primer lugar mundial en inversión en energías limpias en 2017, y que a partir de la reforma energética de 2013 pudo diversificar sus mercados y fortalecer el sector hidrocarburos y el eléctrico.
Destacó que con la inversión autorizada de 25 mil millones de pesos en los Fondos Sectoriales de Energía -de Hidrocarburos y el de Sustentabilidad Energética establecidos a partir de 2008- se tienen más de 270 proyectos apoyados en donde participan 170 instituciones de educación superior y centros de investigación.
Una iniciativa importante fue la creación a partir de 2014 de cinco Centros Mexicanos de Innovación en Energía (CeMIE), los correspondientes a energías solar, oceánica, geotérmica, eólica y biológica, con un monto total autorizado de 4 mil 368 millones de pesos. Su principal objetivo fue trabajar proyectos de investigación y desarrollo para generar capacidades tecnológicas en cada una de esas áreas.
A la fecha sus principales logros incluyen, en formación de recursos humanos, la obtención de 452 licenciaturas, maestrías, doctorados y posdoctorados; la realización de 153 proyectos de investigación y desarrollo de tecnología (57 todavía vigentes); en infraestructura, la creación y equipamiento de laboratorios especializados, plantas piloto, incubadoras y oficinas de transferencia de tecnología; la participación en la elaboración de 11 mapas de ruta tecnológica (con visión 20-30) para el aprovechamiento de recursos energéticos, así como en el registro de patentes y otras modalidades de propiedad intelectual.
Anunció además el inicio de operaciones de dos centros más: el de Redes Eléctricas Inteligentes, que ya tiene una inversión comprometida de 450 millones de pesos, y el de Captura de CO2, al cual se están comprometiendo mil 240 millones de pesos.
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